Isigameko se-"poison capsule" esenzeka ngo-April nyakenye senza umphakathi watatazela mayelana nezidakamizwa (ukudla) kwawo wonke amalungiselelo e-capsule, kanye nendlela yokuqeda izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezidakamizwa ze-capsule (ukudla) sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo kucatshangelwe.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, uSolwazi Feng Guoping, owayengusekela mqondisi woMnyango Wokubhaliswa Kwezidakamizwa we-State Food and Drug Administration kanye nephini likamongameli we-China Pharmaceutical Packaging Association, uthe ngenxa yokufakwa okwenziwa kwamaphilisi e-gelatin yezilwane noma ukungcola okwenziwa izinsimbi ezisindayo ezeqa izinga, kunzima ukuyelapha, futhi indlela yokungcoliswa okuzenzela kwamaphilisi ezitshalo ingase ibe incane, ngakho ukufaka amaphilisi ezilwane esikhundleni samaphilisi ezitshalo kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokuxazulula isifo esinenkani sokungcoliswa kwama-capsule, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi izindleko zamaphilisi ezitshalo ziphakeme kancane.

Ngokuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo zemvelaphi yezilwane emhlabeni jikelele, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ukhathazeka kakhulu ngokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezilwane.Amaphilisi ezitshalo anezinzuzo ezivelele ngaphezu kwamaphilisi e-gelatin esilwane ngokuya ngokusebenza, ukuphepha, ukuzinza, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo avele kuze kube manje, emazweni athuthukile emithini nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo esebenzisa amaphilisi ezitshalo ngenani eliphezulu nangaphezulu.I-United States idinga futhi ukuthi ingxenye yemakethe yamaphilisi ezitshalo ifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-80% phakathi neminyaka embalwa.Amaphilisi ezitshalo akhiqizwa yi-Jiangsu Chenxing Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd. asephumelele ukuhlonzwa kwemikhiqizo kazwelonke yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, edlula amaphilisi e-gelatin ezilwane kuzo zonke izici, futhi afaneleka ngokukhethekile izidakamizwa ezilwa nempilo kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, imithi yendabuko yamaShayina kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ephezulu.Ngakho-ke, amaphilisi ezitshalo athatha indawo engenakugwenywa yama-capsules we-gelatin yezilwane.

Kula maphuzu alandelayo, sizokhuluma kafushane ngokuphakama kwama-capsules angenalutho wezitshalo ngaphezu kwama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin.
 
1. I-Plant hollow capsule iyimboni engangcolisi imvelo
Njengoba sonke sazi, ukukhiqizwa nokukhishwa kwe-gelatin yezilwane kwenziwa ngokuvundisa isikhumba nethambo lezilwane njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi inani elikhulu lezingxenye zamakhemikhali zengezwa kule nqubo.Noma ubani oke waya efektri ye-gelatin uyazi ukuthi inqubo yezitshalo eluhlaza ikhipha iphunga elimnandi, futhi izosebenzisa imithombo yamanzi eminingi, ibangele ukungcoliswa okukhulu emoyeni namanzi endaweni ezungezile.Emazweni athuthukile aseNtshonalanga, ngenxa yemithetho kazwelonke, abakhiqizi abaningi be-gelatin bathuthela izimboni zabo emazweni omhlaba wesithathu ukuze banciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo endaweni yabo.

Ukukhishwa okuningi kwezinsini zezitshalo ukuthatha indlela yokukhishwa ngokomzimba, ekhishwe ezitshalweni zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni, ezingeke zikhiqize iphunga elibolile, futhi zinciphise kakhulu inani lamanzi asetshenzisiwe futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-capsule, azikho izinto eziyingozi ezingeziwe, futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.Izinga lokuphinda lisetshenziswe imfucuza ye-gelatin liphansi, futhi inqwaba yemithombo yokungcola ikhiqizwa lapho udoti ulahlwa.Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi ethu okukhiqiza i-capsule yezitshalo angabizwa ngokuthi "zero emission" amabhizinisi.

2. Ukuzinza kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza igelatin zivela ezidunjini zezilwane ezehlukene njengezingulube, izinkomo, izimvu, njll., kanye nesifo senkomo esihlanyayo, umkhuhlane wezinyoni, isifo sezindlebe eziluhlaza, isifo samatele nokunye osekuxhaphakile. eminyakeni yamuva atholakala ezilwaneni.Uma kudingeka ukulandeleka komuthi, kuvame ukuba nzima ukulandelela lapho kucatshangelwa izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-capsule.Iglue yesitshalo ivela ezitshalweni zemvelo, ezingaxazulula kangcono izinkinga ezingenhla.
I-US FDA ikhiphe isiqondiso sangaphambili, ngethemba lokuthi eminyakeni yamuva, isabelo semakethe samaphilisi angenalutho emakethe emakethe yaseMelika sizofinyelela ku-80%, futhi esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu futhi inkinga engenhla.

Manje, izinkampani eziningi zemithi sezicindezele kaningi izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngamaphilisi angenalutho ngenxa yezinkinga zezindleko, futhi amaphilisi angenalutho angasebenzisa i-gelatin eshibhile kuphela ukuze athole indawo yokuhlala endaweni enzima yokuphila.Ngokwenhlolovo ye-China Gelatin Association, intengo yamanje yemakethe ye-gelatin yokwelapha evamile cishe i-50,000 yuan / ton, kanti intengo yeglue yesikhumba ye-alum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingu-15,000 yuan kuphela - 20,000 yuan / ton.Ngakho-ke, abanye abakhiqizi abangenangqondo baqhutshwa izithakazelo zokusebenzisa iglue lesikhumba se-alum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-gelatin ecutshungulwa kusuka ezimpahleni ezindala zesikhumba nezicathulo) ezingasetshenziswa kuphela embonini njengokudliwayo, i-gelatin yokwelapha noma i-doped.Umphumela wombuthano onjalo ononya ukuthi impilo yabantu abavamile kunzima ukuyiqinisekisa.

3. Amaphilisi angenalutho wezitshalo awanayo ingozi yokusabela kwe-gelling
Amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo anokungasebenzi okuqinile futhi akulula ukuxhumanisa nezidakamizwa ezine-aldehyde.Isithako esiyinhloko se-gelatin capsules i-collagen, okulula ukuxhumanisa nama-amino acid kanye nezidakamizwa ezisekelwe ku-aldehyde, okuholela ekuphenduleni okubi okufana nesikhathi eside sokuhlakazeka kwe-capsule nokunciphisa ukuchithwa.

4. Okuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi kuma-capsules angenalutho wezitshalo
Umswakama wama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin uphakathi kuka-12.5-17.5%.Ama-capsules e-Gelatin anamanzi amaningi avame ukumunca kalula umswakama wokuqukethwe noma amuncwa okuqukethwe, okwenza ama-capsules athambe noma abe brittle, okuthinta umuthi ngokwawo.

Okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwe-capsule engenalutho yesitshalo kulawulwa phakathi kuka-5 - 8%, okungelula ukusabela nokuqukethwe, futhi kungagcina izakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba ezifana nokuqina kokuqukethwe kwezakhiwo ezahlukene.
 
5. Ama-capsules angenalutho wezitshalo kulula ukuwagcina, ukunciphisa izindleko zokugcina zamabhizinisi
Ama-capsules angenalutho we-Gelatin anezidingo eziqinile ezimweni zokugcinwa futhi adinga ukugcinwa futhi athuthwe ezingeni lokushisa elingashintshi.Kulula ukuthamba futhi ukonakala lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma umswakama ophezulu, futhi kulula ukushwabana nokuqina lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi noma umswakama uphansi.
 
Amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo anezimo ezikhululeke kakhudlwana.Phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lika-10 - 40 ° C, umswakama uphakathi kuka-35 - 65%, akukho ukuguquguquka okuthambisayo noma ukuqina kanye nokuqina.Ukuhlola kufakazele ukuthi ngaphansi kwesimo somswakama we-35%, izinga lokukhwabanisa kwama-capsules wezitshalo ≤2%, futhi ku-80 °C, i-capsule iyashintsha ≤1%.
Izidingo zesitoreji esixegayo zinganciphisa izindleko zokugcina zamabhizinisi.
 
6. Ama-capsules angenalutho angatshala angakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukuthintana nomoya wangaphandle
Ingxenye eyinhloko yama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin i-collagen, futhi imvelo yezinto zayo zokusetshenziswa inquma ukuthi ukuphefumula kwayo kunamandla, okwenza okuqukethwe kube lula emiphumeleni emibi njengomswakama kanye nama-microorganisms emoyeni.
Imvelo yemvelo yamaphilisi angenalutho yezitshalo inquma ukuthi ingahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo okuqukethwe emoyeni futhi igweme imiphumela emibi ngomoya.
 
7. Ukuzinza kwama-capsules angenalutho wezitshalo
Isikhathi sokuqinisekisa sama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin ngokuvamile cishe izinyanga eziyi-18, futhi impilo yeshalofu yama-capsules ifushane, okuvame ukuthinta ngokuqondile impilo yeshalofu yomuthi.
Isikhathi sokusebenza samaphilisi angenalutho lwezitshalo ngokuvamile siyizinyanga ezingama-36, okwandisa kakhulu usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi komkhiqizo.

8. Amakhepsuli angenalutho ezitshalweni awanazo izinsalela njengezilondolozi
Ama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin ekukhiqizeni ukuvimbela ukukhula kwama-microorganisms azokwengeza izilondolozi njenge-methyl parahydroxybenzoate, uma inani lokwengezwa lidlula ububanzi obuthile, ekugcineni lingathinta okuqukethwe kwe-arsenic okweqa izinga.Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin kufanele afakwe inzalo ngemuva kokuqedwa kokukhiqizwa, futhi njengamanje, cishe wonke amaphilisi e-gelatin ahlanzwa nge-ethylene oxide, futhi kuzoba nezinsalela ze-chloroethanol kuma-capsule ngemuva kokuvalwa kwe-ethylene oxide, nezinsalela ze-chloroethane. kwenqatshelwe emazweni angaphandle.

9. Amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo anezinsimbi ezisindayo eziphansi
Ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke, insimbi esindayo yamaphilisi angenalutho we-gelatin yezilwane ayikwazi ukudlula i-50ppm, futhi izinsimbi ezisindayo zamaphilisi amaningi e-gelatin afanelekayo angama-40 - 50ppm.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo eminingi engafanelekile yezinsimbi ezisindayo idlula kude izinga.Ikakhulukazi, isigameko se-"poison capsule" esenzeka eminyakeni yamuva sibangelwa ukweqiwa kwensimbi enzima "chromium".

10. Amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo angavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane
Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin yezilwane i-collagen, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ejenti yesiko lebhaktheriya enomthelela ekwandeni kwamagciwane.Uma ingaphathwa kahle, inani lamagciwane lizodlula izinga futhi lizophindaphindeka ngobuningi.
 
Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yama-capsules angenalutho yezitshalo yi-fiber yezitshalo, engagcini nje ngokuphindaphinda amabhaktheriya ngobuningi, kodwa futhi ivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane.Ukuhlolwa kufakazela ukuthi i-capsule engenalutho yesitshalo ibekwe endaweni evamile isikhathi eside futhi ingagcina inani lama-microorganisms ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile likazwelonke.

11. Ama-capsules angenalutho wezitshalo anendawo yokugcwalisa ekhululekile, enciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza
Ama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin yezilwane anezidingo eziphakeme zokushisa nomswakama wendawo lapho ugcwalisa okuqukethwe emshinini wokugcwalisa othomathikhi.Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi amaphilisi athambile futhi akhubazekile;Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuphansi kakhulu, futhi ama-capsules aqinile futhi anomzimba;Lokhu kuzothinta kakhulu izinga lokuphasa emshinini we-capsule.Ngakho-ke, indawo yokusebenza kufanele igcinwe cishe ku-20-24 ° C, futhi umswakama kufanele ugcinwe ku-45-55%.
Amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo anezidingo ezikhululekile ngendawo yokusebenza yokuqukethwe okugcwele, namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-15 - 30 ° C nomswakama ophakathi kuka-35 - 65%, ongagcina izinga lokuphasa kahle komshini.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizidingo zendawo yokusebenza noma izinga lokuphasa komshini, izindleko zokusebenzisa zingancishiswa.
 
12. Ama-capsules angenalutho wezitshalo afanelekile kubathengi bezinhlanga ezahlukene
Ama-capsules angenalutho we-gelatin ezilwane enziwe ikakhulukazi ngesikhumba sesilwane, esivinjelwa amaSulumane, ama-Kosher, kanye nabadla imifino.
Amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo enziwe ngemicu yezitshalo yemvelo emsulwa njengempahla eluhlaza eyinhloko, elungele noma iluphi uhlanga.

13. Imikhiqizo ye-capsule engenalutho yezitshalo ine-value-added ephezulu
Nakuba intengo yemakethe yamaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo iphakeme kancane, inezinzuzo ezivelele kakhulu kunamaphilisi angenalutho e-gelatin ezilwane.Esikhathini sezidakamizwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo yamukelwa, ithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lomkhiqizo, isize impilo yabathengi, ikakhulukazi efanelekile izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, imithi yendabuko yamaShayina kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ephezulu kanye neminye imikhiqizo, ngakho-ke. ukuthi umkhiqizo une-value-added ephezulu kanye nokuncintisana.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhemisi noma umkhiqizo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, amaphilisi ayifomu lesilinganiso esikhulu.Kodwa u-50% wemikhiqizo yezempilo ebhaliswe emazweni angaphezu kuka-10,000 ungamafomu ama-capsule.I-China ikhiqiza amaphilisi angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-200 ngonyaka, wonke okungamaphilisi e-gelatin kuze kube manje.

Eminyakeni yamuva, isigameko "se-poison capsule" siye sadalula izinkinga eziningi zamaphilisi e-gelatin endabuko, futhi saveza abantu abaningi abangenampilo embonini ye-capsule.I-capsule engenalutho yesitshalo ingumphumela obalulekile ongaxazulula izinkinga ezingenhla.Ishabhu yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza i-capsule engenalutho yezitshalo, izidingo eziphakeme zenqubo yokukhiqiza okuningi, kuhlanganiswe nomthombo wezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa isitshalo esisodwa se-fiber, ingavimbela ngempumelelo okokufaka okuphansi, izindleko eziphansi, ubuchwepheshe obuphansi ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane ajoyine, kodwa futhi avimbele ngempumelelo ukwehla okuphansi. -izindleko, ezingafaneleki, i-gelatin eyingozi ibe yinto eyinhloko ye-capsule.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2000, i-United States yasungula i-capsule yezitshalo, futhi intengo yayo yokuthengisa yehla isuka ngaphezu kwe-yuan eyi-1,000 yaya ngaphezu kwama-yuan angu-500 manje.Emakethe yamazwe athuthukile njenge-United States ne-Europe, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, isabelo semakethe yama-capsules ezitshalo sikhuphuke safinyelela cishe ku-50%, sikhula ngesilinganiso sama-30% ngonyaka.Izinga lokukhula liyethusa kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-capsules ezitshalo emazweni athuthukile sekuyinto evamile.

Ehlanganiswe nalokhu okungenhla, amaphilisi angenalutho ezitshalo anezinzuzo eziningi nezingenakubuyiseleka uma kuqhathaniswa namakhepsuli angenalutho e-gelatin ezilwane.Amaphilisi ezitshalo mancane amathuba okuthi angcoliswe ngokwenziwa, ngakho ukufaka amaphilisi ezilwane esikhundleni samaphilisi ezitshalo kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokuxazulula isifo esiqhubekayo sokungcoliswa kwama-capsule.Yaziswa kakhulu emazweni angaphandle athuthukile, futhi kancane kancane isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene embonini yezemithi, embonini yemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nemboni yokudla.Kuyabonakala ukuthi nakuba ama-capsules angenalutho esitshalo engakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele amaphilisi e-gelatin, kufanele abe umkhiqizo obalulekile wokubuyisela ama-capsules angenalutho wesilwane.